Ukugqwala kuyinqubo yemvelo, lapho insimbi ichithwa kancane kancane ngamakhemikhali noma inqubo ye-electrochemical ngenkathi ithintwa nendawo yayo.Imithombo ejwayelekile yokugqwala yi-pH, i-CO2, i-H2S, ama-chlorides, umoya-mpilo kanye namagciwane.Uwoyela noma igesi kubizwa ngokuthi “muncu” lapho ukugcwala kwama-hydrosulfides, i-H2S, kuphezulu kunokujwayelekile.Umoya-mpilo uyinkinga kakhulu emithonjeni yomjovo, i-EOR.Ukugxila okuphansi kakade kudala amazinga aphezulu okugqwala.Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ama-oxygen scavanger.
Amagciwane angakhula ngaphakathi kwamapayipi namathangi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anaerobic, ezikhiqiza ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-H2S.Ukugoba kungumphumela walokhu futhi kungaba nzima kakhulu.Ukwakheka kwamagciwane kwenzeka kakhulu ezicelweni zesivinini esiphansi.Ezinye izici ezibangela ukugqwala izinga lokushisa, ukuhuzuka, ukucindezela, isivinini kanye nokuba khona kwezinto eziqinile.
Sazi izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokugqwala:
1. Ukugqwala kwendawo: i-pitting, ukugqwala kwe-crevice, ukugqwala kwe-filiform
2. Ukugqwala kwe-galvanic
3. Ukugqwala kokuhlasela okujwayelekile
4. Ukugqwala okusizwa ukugeleza, i-FAC
5. Ukugqwala kwe-Intergranular
6. Ukukhipha i-alloying
7. Ukuqhekeka kwemvelo: ukucindezeleka, ukukhathala, i-H2-induced, i-liquid metal embrittlement
8. Ukugqwala okushisayo
9. izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukugqwala
Ukuze ulawule ukugqwala, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zibalulekile okufanele zibhekwe:
● Cacisa lapho ukhetha ukwaziswa okufanele.Ochwepheshe be-Metallurgic bachaza ukuthi yiziphi izinsimbi ezingcono kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa.
● Futhi ukumboza nokudweba kuyizihloko ezifanele ongazikhetha kahle.
● Ukulungisa ukukhiqizwa ukuze kukhuliswe noma kwehliswe isivinini sepayipi.
● Uma kwenzeka izinhlayiya zikhona oketshezini, ukuncipha kungase kube ngcono ukuphila konke kwezinsimbi namapayipi.
● Ukulawula i-pH, ukwehlisa ubuningi be-chloride, ukususa umoya-mpilo kanye nebhaktheriya kanye nokunciphisa izinga le-oxidation yensimbi ngemijovo yamakhemikhali.
● Ukwakheka okuphumelelayo nokungcono kakhulu kwamakhemikhali ukulawula ingcindezi epayipini noma emkhunjini lapho uketshezi kudingeka lungene khona.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-27-2022