Okulandelayo Izizathu Ezivame Kakhulu Zokugijima Ibhokisi Emgodini:
vikela imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile (i-surface casing)
ukunikeza amandla okufakwa kwemishini ye-wellhead, kuhlanganise nama-BOP
hlinzeka ngobuqotho bengcindezi ukuze okokusebenza kwe-wellhead, okuhlanganisa nama-BOP, kuvalwe
Vala izinto ezivuzayo noma eziphukile lapho kulahleke khona uketshezi lokumba
Vala ukwakheka okunamandla aphansi ukuze ukwakheka kwamandla aphezulu (kanye nomfutho ophakeme ngokuvamile) kungene ngokuphepha.
vala izindawo ezinengcindezi ephezulu ukuze ukwakheka kwengcindezi ephansi kubhojwe ngokuminyana okuphansi koketshezi lokumba
vala ukwakheka okuyinkinga, njengosawoti ogelezayo
thobelana nezidingo zokulawula (ngokuvamile ezihlobene nenye yezici ezibalwe ngenhla).
Isikhwama
Ipayipi elinobubanzi obukhulu lehliselwa emgodini ovulekile futhi lifakwe usimende endaweni yalo.Umklami womthombo kufanele aklame i-casing ukuze imelane namandla ahlukahlukene, njengokuwohloka, ukuqhuma, nokwehluleka ukuqina, kanye namanzi anamanzi anamandla amakhemikhali.Amajoyinti amaningi e-casing akhiwa anemicu yesilisa ekugcineni, futhi ama-coupling e-casing abude obufushane anemicu yabesifazane asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amalunga e-casing ndawonye, noma amajoyinti e-casing angenziwa ngentambo yesilisa ekugcineni kanye nemicu yesifazane okunye.I-Casing isetshenziswa ukuze kuvikelwe ukwakheka kwamanzi ahlanzekile, ukuhlukanisa indawo yezimbuyiselo ezilahlekile, noma ukuhlukanisa ukwakheka okunama-gradients okucindezela ahluke kakhulu.Ukusebenza lapho i-casing ifakwa khona emgodini ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi "ipayipi eligijima."I-Casing ngokuvamile ikhiqizwa nge-plain carbon steel efakwa ngokushisa ibe namandla ahlukahlukene kodwa ingase yenziwe ngokukhethekile ngensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, i-titanium, i-fiberglass, nezinye izinto.
Well Control
Ubuchwepheshe bugxile ekugcineni ingcindezi ekubunjweni okuvulekile (okungukuthi, ukuchayeka emthonjeni) ukuze kuvinjwe noma kuqondiswe ukugeleza koketshezi olwakhayo kumthombo.Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa ukulinganisa kokucindezelwa kwamanzi okwakheka, amandla okwakheka kwendawo engaphansi komhlaba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-casing kanye nokuminyana kodaka ukuze kuqedwe lezo zingcindezi ngendlela ebikezelwayo.Okunye okufakiwe yizinqubo zokusebenza zokumisa ngokuphephile umthombo ukuthi ungagelezi uma kwenzeka kuthutheleka uketshezi olubumbayo.Ukuze kuqhutshwe izinqubo zokulawula kahle, ama-valve amakhulu afakwa phezulu komthombo ukuze izisebenzi zasendaweni zikwazi ukuvala umthombo uma kunesidingo.
Ipayipi lokubhoboza
I-tubular steel conduit efakwe iziphetho ezikhethekile ezinentambo ezibizwa ngokuthi amajoyinti amathuluzi.I-drillpipe ixhuma okokusebenza okungaphezulu nokuhlanganisa imbobo engezansi kanye nebhithi, kokubili ukumpompa uketshezi lokumba ukuya ebhithineni nokukwazi ukuphakamisa, ukwehlisa nokuzungezisa umgodi ongaphansi kanye nebhithi.
I-Liner
Intambo ye-casing engadluleli phezulu komthombo, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ihange noma imiswe kusukela ngaphakathi kwentambo yekesi yangaphambilini.Awukho umehluko phakathi kwama-casing joints ngokwawo.Inzuzo kumklami womthombo we-liner ukonga okukhulu kwensimbi, ngakho-ke izindleko ezinkulu.Ukuze ulondoloze i-casing, noma kunjalo, amathuluzi engeziwe kanye nengozi kuhilelekile.Umklami womthombo kufanele ahwebe ngamathuluzi engeziwe, izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingozi ngokumelene nokonga kwekhephithali okungaba khona lapho enquma ukuthi uzoklama yini ulayini noma intambo ye-casing ehamba yonke aze afike phezulu komthombo ("intambo ende").I-liner ingafakwa izingxenye ezikhethekile ukuze ixhunywe phezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma kunesidingo.
Choke Line
Ipayipi elinomfutho ophezulu oholela ekuphumeni esitakini se-BOP ukuya ku-backpressure kuminyanisa nokuphindaphindeka okuhlobene.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokulawula kahle, uketshezi olungaphansi kwengcindezi emthonjeni lugeleza luphume emthonjeni ngomugqa wokuminyanisa luye ekuminyanisweni, lwehlise umfutho woketshezi kumfutho womkhathi.Emisebenzini entantayo yasogwini, imigqa yokuminyanisa neyokubulala iphuma esitakini se-BOP engaphansi kolwandle bese igijima ngaphandle kwesikhuphukeli sokubhola siye phezulu.Imiphumela ye-volumetric kanye ne-friction yale migqa emide yokuklinya nokubulala kufanele kubhekwe njengokulawula kahle umthombo.
Isitaki se-Bop
Isethi yama-BOP amabili noma ngaphezulu asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kokucindezela komthombo.Isitaki esivamile singase sibe nesivimbeli sohlobo lwenqama eyodwa kuya kweziyisithupha futhi, ngokuzithandela, isitaki esisodwa noma ezimbili zohlobo lwe-annular.Ukucushwa kwesitaki okujwayelekile kunezivimbeli zezinqama phansi kanye nezinqamuleli ze-annular phezulu.
Ukucushwa kwezivimbeli zezitaki kulungiselelwe ukunikeza ubuqotho bokucindezela okukhulu, ukuphepha kanye nokuguquguquka uma kwenzeka isigameko sokulawula umthombo.Isibonelo, ekucushweni kwezinqama eziningi, isethi eyodwa yezinqama ingase ifakwe ukuze ivalwe kupayipi lokubhoboza elingu-5-in diameter, enye isethi elungiselelwe u-4 1/2-in drillpipe, eyesithathu ifakwe izinqama eziyizimpumputhe ukuze kuvalwe imbobo evulekile, futhi okwesine kufakwe inqama yokugunda ekwazi ukusika futhi ilengise ipayipi lokubhoboza njengendlela yokugcina.
Kuvamile ukuba nesivimbeli sonyaka noma okubili phezulu kwesitaki njengoba ama-annular angavalwa phezu kohlu olubanzi lwamasayizi amashubhu kanye nembobo evulekile, kodwa ngokuvamile awalinganiselwe ngezingcindezi eziphakeme njengezinqama ezivimbelayo.Isitaki se-BOP sihlanganisa nama-spools ahlukahlukene, ama-adaptha kanye nezindawo zamapayipi ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhamba koketshezi lomthombo ngaphansi kwengcindezi uma kwenzeka kuba nesigameko sokulawulwa komthombo.
Choke Okuningi
Isethi yamavalvu anomfutho ophezulu kanye namapayipi ahambisanayo ahlanganisa okungenani ukuklinywa okubili okulungisekayo, ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ukuklinywa okukodwa okulungisekayo kungase kuhlukaniswe futhi kukhishwe emsebenzini ukuze kulungiswe futhi kulungiswe kuyilapho ukugeleza komthombo uqondiswa komunye.
Indawo yokugcina amanzi
Umzimba wedwala ongaphansi komhlaba one-porosity eyanele kanye nokungeneka ukuze ugcine futhi udlulise uketshezi.Amatshe e-Sedimentary amatshe ajwayelekile kakhulu e-reservoir ngoba ane-porosity eyengeziwe kunamadwala amaningi avuthayo kanye ne-metamorphic futhi akhe ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa lapho ama-hydrocarbons angagcinwa khona.I-reservoir iyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo oluphelele lwe-petroleum.
Ukuqedwa
I-hardware esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-hydrocarbon emthonjeni.Lokhu kungase kusuke kulutho ngaphandle kokupakisha kushubhu ngaphezu kokuqedwa kwe-openhole (ukuqedwa "kokunganazicathulo"), ukuya ohlelweni lwezakhi zokuhlunga ezisebenza ngomshini ngaphandle kwepayipi elinezimbobo, ukuya ohlelweni lokulinganisa oluzenzakalelayo nokulawula oluthuthukisa umnotho wedamu ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu (i ukuqedwa "ohlakaniphile").
Production Tubing
I-wellbore tubular esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza uketshezi lwe-reservoir.Amashubhu okukhiqiza ahlanganiswa nezinye izingxenye zokuqedela ukwenza iyunithi yezinhlamvu zokukhiqiza.Amashubhu okukhiqiza akhethelwe noma yikuphi ukuqedwa kufanele ahambisane nejiyomethri ye-wellbore, izici zokukhiqiza ichibi kanye noketshezi lwe-reservoir.
Ulayini Wokujova
Umgudu wobubanzi obuncane osetshenziswa eduze kwamashubhu okukhiqiza ukuze unike amandla umjovo wama-inhibitor noma ukwelashwa okufanayo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Izimo ezinjengokugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen sulfide [H2S] ephezulu noma ukufakwa kwesikali esinzima kungavinjelwa ngokujova amakhemikhali okwelapha kanye nama-inhibitors ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Inhibitor
I-ejenti yekhemikhali engezwe kusistimu yoketshezi ukuze kuvinjwe noma kuvinjwe ukusabela okungathandeki okwenzeka ngaphakathi koketshezi noma ngezinto ezikhona endaweni ezungezile.Uhlu lwama-inhibitor luvame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekweni kwemithombo kawoyela negesi, njengama-corrosion inhibitors asetshenziswa ekwelapheni okune-asidi ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo ezingxenyeni ze-wellbore kanye nama-inhibitors asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukulawula umphumela we-hydrogen sulfide [H2S].
Umjovo Wamakhemikhali
Itemu elivamile lezinqubo zomjovo ezisebenzisa izixazululo zamakhemikhali ezikhethekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholwa kukawoyela, ukususa ukubola kokwakheka, ukuhlanza imibhobho evinjiwe noma izendlalelo zokwakheka, ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ukuthuthukisa uwoyela ongahluziwe, noma ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuqinisekisa ukugeleza kukawoyela ongahluziwe.Umjovo ungafakwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngamaqoqo, emithonjeni yomjovo, noma ngezinye izikhathi emithonjeni yokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-27-2022